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  • 1.  The thermometer rabbit hole

    Posted 29-Nov-2016 15:09

    I have been falling down the rabbit hole of regulations on thermometers.  Many wearable devices use creative wording like "skin heat sensing" or "body temperature tracking" but they are nowhere to be found as FDA registered/listed devices.  When is a thermometer no longer a medical device?  Perhaps the temperature is sent to the cloud for a doctor to review, or the output is a happy or sad face emoji instead of a value...but I assume FDA would still likely say you're diagnosing fever.  Are these companies just giving the consumer some nice-to-know info about the temp of their skin for general wellness purposes?

    I realize that some companies are marketing many of their wellness device claims like sleep monitoring and step counting, and when digging a little deeper on their websites it's clear the thermometer feature is not available in the US (though some have a 'how to hack your device to uncover additional features' page).  FDA regulates "clinical electronic thermometers" as a Class II, 510(k) devices (procode FLL).  Interestingly, fertility monitors that measure basal body/skin temperature are 510(k) exempt (procode LHD).  And then there's the "clinical color change thermometer" which is Class I, 510(k) exempt. 

    I guess my question is, for all these companies that have creative interpretations of the definition of a thermometer, are they likely just lining up for a warning letter or is there something I'm missing here? 

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    Allison Komiyama PHD, RAC
    Principal Consultant
    Acknowledge Regulatory Strategies
    San Diego CA
    United States
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  • 2.  RE: The thermometer rabbit hole

    Posted 29-Nov-2016 16:37
    Allison,

    A 510(k) under the product code ("FLL") carries its trade name as "skin temp sensor."  "Skin temp sensing" is within its meaning of the trade name for the device cleared. 

    Reference/representation to a R/L number on the product constitutes "misbranding."  

    What you see is likely to be a mix of those (cleared or not cleared when it should have been cleared) when and if it is not found from the FDA's R/L database. Of course, it can be an exception with various reasons. 

    Thank you.

    s/ David
    ______________________________________________
    Dr. David Lim, Ph.D., RAC, ASQ-CQA 
    Phone (Toll-Free): 1-(800) 321-8567





  • 3.  RE: The thermometer rabbit hole

    Posted 30-Nov-2016 03:29

    Hi Allison,

    I am just starting to study the CFR and all of its glory... but here's my opinion. 

    My interpretation of 21 CFR 880.2910 is that a class II thermometer is one that is utilized in a clinical setting for diagnostic purposes. Watches or other fitness devices do not have to meet the performance standards set for clinical devices, otherwise they would have to be calibrated every couple years. "Self-diagnosis" of temperature using a thermometer such an electronic forehead thermometer or capable wrist watch may lead an individual to a hospital for an official reading on a calibrated clinical thermometer. So far, I haven't seen any watch makers advertise any diagnostic use of their consumer electronics.

    Weigh scales with body fat monitors at home also provide quantitative data regarding an individual's well being. Some scales also rate your BMI on a scale of 1-10 or even go as far as to provide the user with visceral fat content. I doubt scale companies pursue CLIA-waived status for their devices... but as long as they do not advertise diagnostic use, the FDA doesn't appear to go after them.

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    Sasan Zomorodian
    Graduate Student in Regulatory Affairs
    Keck Graduate Institute, MBS '18
    Claremont Consortium Colleges
    Claremont CA
    United States



  • 4.  RE: The thermometer rabbit hole

    Posted 30-Nov-2016 07:33

    Hi Allison

    Don't you LOVE creative Marketing? I suspect most are going on to claim skin temp tracking to "get the most out of your workout" or some such nonsense to avoid being in FLL. I have seen companies in this area with remote infrared sensors to monitor crowds of people during flu outbreaks.....hmmm. But they didn't consider it a device.

    While this probably is a warning letter, FDA has to find them first, however that happens.  The nature of the beast...

    Ginger Cantor, MBA, RAC
    Centaur Consulting LLC
    Centaurconsultingllc@gmail.com






  • 5.  RE: The thermometer rabbit hole

    Posted 01-Dec-2016 09:32

    Ah, the brave new world.  I just posted some examples of other devices I would be interested to hear people's thoughts on, two new world and one very old school.

    From a regulatory perspective, for these types of devices (meaning gray area, not thermometers) my focus is on that all-important memo to file, the one that explains why you don't think your device is a medical device, preferably in terms other than you simply don't want to invest the time and money that would be required if you thought it was a medical device. I think Sasan's is a reasonable interpretation.  You talk about diagnosing fever, but as long as you are doing it, it's not a clinical diagnosis. It's a clinical diagnosis only if a clinician does it.

    Lining up for a warning letter...could be a very long line. And a very long wait to get to the front, looking at how long it took before FDA decided it might want to stop "exercising its enforcement discretion" for LDTs.  And how fast things have moved along (not) since it did. 

    So I'd write a good memo, put it in my file, and not hold my breath waiting for the day someone from FDA comes around to read it.  As Ginger notes, agree or disagree with the rationale offered, FDA will have to find it first. I don't expect FDA to be looking very hard any time soon, because it doesn't have the resources to deal with what it finds, nor do I think it is necessarily any clearer on the answers to these questions than we are. Yet.

    In the interim, color me happy to be retiring in the foreseeable future. :)

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    Julie Omohundro, ex-RAC (US, GS), still an MBA
    Principal Consultant
    Class Three, LLC
    Durham, North Carolina, USA
    919-544-3366 (T)
    434-964-1614 (C)
    julie@class3devices.com